In corporate GHG accounting, what is meant by the term "base year"?

The term "base year" in corporate greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting refers to a specific year that is selected as a reference point for tracking and assessing emissions over time. This specific year is utilized to calculate and monitor changes in a company’s GHG emissions, allowing organizations to measure progress toward emissions reduction targets and to comply with reporting standards.

Choosing a base year is significant because it provides a consistent point of comparison that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of emissions reduction strategies and initiatives enacted by the organization. By setting a baseline, companies can better understand their emissions trends and the impacts of their sustainability efforts.

The other options do not accurately describe the concept of a base year. While some may mention various aspects of emissions levels, like the highest or lowest emissions, a base year is specifically chosen for the purpose of tracking changes and impacts over time, rather than merely reflecting a year with specific emissions characteristics. Therefore, identifying a specific year for tracking impacts is central to effective GHG accounting practices.