What does a Cradle to Grave assessment cover?

The Cradle to Grave assessment is a comprehensive evaluation that examines the entire lifecycle of a product, starting from the extraction of raw materials all the way through to the disposal of the product, which typically includes landfill. This approach captures the environmental impacts associated with each stage of a product's life, including production, use, and disposal.

The reason that this option is correct lies in the definition and scope of the Cradle to Grave methodology. It provides insights into various environmental factors such as resource consumption, energy use, emissions, and waste generation throughout the product's lifespan. This broader perspective helps organizations understand the full impact of their products on the environment, leading to better sustainability practices.

Considering the other options, the first focuses only on initial stages of the product life cycle, failing to account for disposal; the third narrows the view to consumer behavior without encompassing production and disposal; and the fourth limits the assessment to product design and lifespan, rather than the complete lifecycle from inception to disposal.