What does the term "ecological integrity" refer to in an ecosystem?

The term "ecological integrity" refers to the condition whereby all the native components of an ecosystem—such as flora, fauna, and the physical environment—are intact and functioning in a manner that maintains the natural processes and balance. This concept emphasizes the importance of preserving the entire community of organisms and their relationships to one another as well as to their environment. Ecological integrity signifies that the ecosystem is able to sustain its structure, diversity, and function over time, allowing it to respond to environmental changes naturally.

When considering why this understanding of ecological integrity is critical, it highlights the importance of a holistic approach to ecosystem management, ensuring that both biotic (living organisms) and abiotic (non-living elements such as water, air, and minerals) factors are maintained in a state that fosters resilience and adaptability. This directly relates to the interconnectedness of all components within an ecosystem, which is essential for its long-term health and sustainability.