What is the concept of strong sustainability?

Strong sustainability emphasizes the intrinsic value of natural ecosystems and their essential role in supporting human wellbeing. This approach argues that ecological systems and natural capital are irreplaceable and must be preserved to ensure not only the health of the planet but also the survival and quality of life for future generations. It acknowledges that economic and social activities must be conducted within the limits of what the environment can sustainably provide.

By recognizing nature's critical contributions—such as clean air, water, and biodiversity—to human health, culture, and overall quality of life, strong sustainability advocates for a balanced relationship between economic development and environmental preservation. This perspective contrasts sharply with models that prioritize short-term economic growth or technological solutions without considering ecological impacts.

The other choices reflect approaches that do not align with the principles of strong sustainability, as they either overlook the significance of natural systems or place them lower in priority compared to economic or technological pursuits.