What technology converts light directly into electricity?

Photovoltaic technology is the process that directly converts light into electricity using materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect, primarily silicon-based solar cells. When light photons strike these cells, they energize electrons, creating an electric current. This technology is pivotal in renewable energy applications, enabling the production of clean energy from sunlight.

Thermal energy systems primarily convert heat energy into electricity rather than directly converting light. Wind turbines harness wind energy to generate electricity by turning blades connected to a generator, while hydraulic power systems convert the energy of flowing or falling water into electricity, focusing on mechanical movement rather than direct light conversion. Thus, photovoltaic technology is uniquely positioned as the correct answer for directly converting light into electricity.