Which chemical compounds are known as endocrine disruptors and can adversely affect hormone production?

Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with the normal functioning of the endocrine system, which is responsible for hormone production and regulation in the body. The correct answer identifies lead and mercury, both of which have been studied extensively for their negative impacts on hormone systems.

Lead is known to cause various health issues, including those related to hormonal imbalances. Research shows that lead exposure can affect the production and regulation of hormones, potentially leading to developmental, reproductive, and neurological problems.

Similarly, mercury is recognized as a potent endocrine disruptor. It can accumulate in the body and is linked to alterations in thyroid hormone levels and other hormonal functions. Elevated mercury levels can result in significant disruptions in the endocrine system, affecting various bodily functions and development.

In terms of the other options, fluoride and chlorine are primarily known for their effects on dental and respiratory health, not as significant endocrine disruptors. The compounds arsenic and cadmium, while toxic, are not primarily classified as endocrine disruptors in the way lead and mercury are, although they do have other harmful health effects. Carbon and nitrogen are fundamental elements and do not have endocrine-disrupting properties in the context provided.